A city of transit and cultural exchange along the Via Francigena, Siena has been a workshop for painters, sculptors and architects of the highest order, to whom the city and its territory owe their current appearance. From the extraordinary gold backgrounds of 13th– and 14th-century painters like Duccio di Buoninsegna, the Lorenzetti brothers and Simone Martini, to Mannerists like Domenico Beccafumi and Il Sodoma, from 19th-century purism to the beguiling sculptures of Marco Romano, Jacopo della Quercia and Francesco di Valdambrino, our museums – often located in magnificently frescoed historic palazzos – conserve masterpieces commissioned for church altars or opulent dwellings, and they document period tastes and the mingling of styles and cultures.